Latent learning
With Tolman, between behaviorism and cognitive psychology is beginning to see the learning even from within and not only from what was observed (as the behaviorists to mind was a black box).
For Tolman, learning takes place by creating a mental representation that guides action.
The mice in the cage does not try the food at random, was created and has learned the spatial representation of the map of the maze so that at any point in the maze you put the mouse comes to food. The rat in the maze has a vision of just learned in a previous "walk" not-for-food (latent learning) and knows that acting is the reward.
The rat learns an expectation.
Now, with Tolman, learning is no longer merely conditioning but becomes understanding.
For the behaviorist learning behavior was only seen with Tolman you can prove that there is learning even without a supply of that.
